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Dromadaire.jpg

Dromadaire, grand mammifère artiodactyle (à nombre pair de doigts) ruminant, originaire des régions désertiques d'Afrique du Nord, proche du chameau, mais pourvu d'une seule bosse.

Le dromadaire mesure habituellement 2m de hauteur au garrot.

La bosse s'élève à 30cm au-dessus du dos.

On rencontre le dromadaire, inconnu à l'état sauvage, du nord-ouest de l'Inde et des plaines d'Afghanistan jusqu'à l'extrémité de la péninsule Arabique et à la Somalie au sud, et à l'ensemble des déserts africains à l'ouest.

On a essayé, sans succès durable, d'introduire cet animal en Espagne, dans l'île de Zanzibar (océan Indien) et au sud-ouest des États-Unis.

En Australie, il reste environ 25000dromadaires retournés à l'état sauvage, qui avaient été introduits entre 1840 et 1907.

Le dromadaire est adapté à la vie dans le désert grâce à sa résistance et à sa capacité à arracher et consommer les plantes épineuses qui y poussent.

Les coussinets épais et larges de la plante des pieds, et les callosités des articulations des pattes et de la poitrine, sur lesquelles il repose en position agenouillée, lui permettent de supporter le contact avec le sable très chaud du désert.

Il est aussi capable de fermer les narines pour éviter les poussières volantes et ses yeux sont protégés par de très longs cils.

Le dromadaire, généralement utilisé comme animal de selle, peut parcourir plus de 161km par jour.

Classification: le dromadaire appartient à la famille des Camélidés et a pour nom latin Camelus dromedarius.

"Dromadaire", Encyclopédie Microsoft® Encarta® 99. © 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. Tous droits réservés.

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Karl Marx

(1818-1883)

Life and Works

. . Alienation

. . Communism

. . Economics

Bibliography

Internet Sources

Karl Marx was born and educated in Prussia, where he fell under the influence of Ludwig Feuerbach and other radical Hegelians. Although he shared Hegel's belief in dialectical structure and historical inevitability, Marx held that the foundations of reality lay in the material base of economics rather than in the abstract thought of idealistic philosophy. He earned a doctorate at Jena in 1841, writing on the materialism and atheism of Greek atomists, then moved to Köln, where he founded and edited a radical newspaper, Rheinische Zeitung. Although he also attempted to earn a living as a journalist in Paris and Brussels, Marx's participation in unpopular political movements made it difficult to support his growing family. He finally settled in London in 1849, where he lived in poverty while studying and developing his economic and political theories. Above all else, Marx believed that philosophy ought to be employed in practice to change the world.

The core of Marx's economic analysis found early expression in the Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte aus dem Jahre 1844 (Economic and Political Manuscripts of 1844) (1844). There, Marx argued that the conditions of modern industrial societies invariably result in the estrangement (or alienation) of workers from their own labor. In his review of a Bruno Baier book, On the Jewish Question (1844), Marx decried the lingering influence of religion over politics and proposed a revolutionary re-structuring of European society. Much later, Marx undertook a systematic explanation of his economic theories in Das Capital (Capital) (1867-95) and Theorien Über den Mehrwert (Theory of Surplus Value) (1862).

Marx and his colleague Friedrich Engels issued the Manifest der kommunistischen Partei (Communist Manifesto) (1848) in the explicit hope of precipitating social revolution. This work describes the class struggle between proletariat and bourgeoisie, distinguishes communism from other socialist movements, proposes a list of specific social reforms, and urges all workers to unite in revolution against existing regimes. (You may wish to compare this prophetic document with the later exposition of similar principles in Lenin's State and Revolution (1919).)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Recommended Reading:

Primary sources:

Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Gesamtausgabe, ed. by the Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus (Dietz, 1972- )

The Portable Karl Marx, ed. by Eugene Kamenka (Viking, 1983) {Order from Amazon.com}

The Communist Manifesto, ed. by Frederic L. Bender (Norton, 1988) {Order from Amazon.com}

Karl Marx, Early Writings, tr. by Rodney Livingstone (Penguin, 1992) {Order from Amazon.com}

Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, tr. by Ben Fowkes (Penguin, 1992) {Order from Amazon.com}

Secondary sources:

The Cambridge Companion to Marx, ed. by Terrell Carver (Cambridge, 1992) {Order from Amazon.com}

Terry Eagleton, Marx (Routledge, 1999) {Order from Amazon.com}

Sidney Hook and Christopher Phelps, From Hegel to Marx: Studies in the Intellectual Development of Karl Marx (Columbia, 1994) {Order from Amazon.com}

:grin:

Lien vers le commentaire
Karl Marx

(1818-1883)

Life and Works

. . Alienation

. . Communism

. . Economics

Bibliography

Internet Sources 

Karl Marx was born and educated in Prussia, where he fell under the influence of Ludwig Feuerbach and other radical Hegelians. Although he shared Hegel's belief in dialectical structure and historical inevitability, Marx held that the foundations of reality lay in the material base of economics rather than in the abstract thought of idealistic philosophy. He earned a doctorate at Jena in 1841, writing on the materialism and atheism of Greek atomists, then moved to Köln, where he founded and edited a radical newspaper, Rheinische Zeitung. Although he also attempted to earn a living as a journalist in Paris and Brussels, Marx's participation in unpopular political movements made it difficult to support his growing family. He finally settled in London in 1849, where he lived in poverty while studying and developing his economic and political theories. Above all else, Marx believed that philosophy ought to be employed in practice to change the world. 

The core of Marx's economic analysis found early expression in the Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte aus dem Jahre 1844 (Economic and Political Manuscripts of 1844) (1844). There, Marx argued that the conditions of modern industrial societies invariably result in the estrangement (or alienation) of workers from their own labor. In his review of a Bruno Baier book, On the Jewish Question (1844), Marx decried the lingering influence of religion over politics and proposed a revolutionary re-structuring of European society. Much later, Marx undertook a systematic explanation of his economic theories in Das Capital (Capital) (1867-95) and Theorien Über den Mehrwert (Theory of Surplus Value) (1862).

Marx and his colleague Friedrich Engels issued the Manifest der kommunistischen Partei (Communist Manifesto) (1848) in the explicit hope of precipitating social revolution. This work describes the class struggle between proletariat and bourgeoisie, distinguishes communism from other socialist movements, proposes a list of specific social reforms, and urges all workers to unite in revolution against existing regimes. (You may wish to compare this prophetic document with the later exposition of similar principles in Lenin's State and Revolution (1919).)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Recommended Reading:

Primary sources:

Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Gesamtausgabe, ed. by the Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus (Dietz, 1972- )

The Portable Karl Marx, ed. by Eugene Kamenka (Viking, 1983) {Order from Amazon.com}

The Communist Manifesto, ed. by Frederic L. Bender (Norton, 1988) {Order from Amazon.com}

Karl Marx, Early Writings, tr. by Rodney Livingstone (Penguin, 1992) {Order from Amazon.com}

Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, tr. by Ben Fowkes (Penguin, 1992) {Order from Amazon.com}

Secondary sources:

The Cambridge Companion to Marx, ed. by Terrell Carver (Cambridge, 1992) {Order from Amazon.com}

Terry Eagleton, Marx (Routledge, 1999) {Order from Amazon.com}

Sidney Hook and Christopher Phelps, From Hegel to Marx: Studies in the Intellectual Development of Karl Marx (Columbia, 1994) {Order from Amazon.com}

:grin:

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

que viens faire marx ici??

Lien vers le commentaire
Karl Marx

(1818-1883)

Life and Works

. . Alienation

. . Communism

. . Economics

Bibliography

Internet Sources 

Karl Marx was born and educated in Prussia, where he fell under the influence of Ludwig Feuerbach and other radical Hegelians. Although he shared Hegel's belief in dialectical structure and historical inevitability, Marx held that the foundations of reality lay in the material base of economics rather than in the abstract thought of idealistic philosophy. He earned a doctorate at Jena in 1841, writing on the materialism and atheism of Greek atomists, then moved to Köln, where he founded and edited a radical newspaper, Rheinische Zeitung. Although he also attempted to earn a living as a journalist in Paris and Brussels, Marx's participation in unpopular political movements made it difficult to support his growing family. He finally settled in London in 1849, where he lived in poverty while studying and developing his economic and political theories. Above all else, Marx believed that philosophy ought to be employed in practice to change the world. 

The core of Marx's economic analysis found early expression in the Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte aus dem Jahre 1844 (Economic and Political Manuscripts of 1844) (1844). There, Marx argued that the conditions of modern industrial societies invariably result in the estrangement (or alienation) of workers from their own labor. In his review of a Bruno Baier book, On the Jewish Question (1844), Marx decried the lingering influence of religion over politics and proposed a revolutionary re-structuring of European society. Much later, Marx undertook a systematic explanation of his economic theories in Das Capital (Capital) (1867-95) and Theorien Über den Mehrwert (Theory of Surplus Value) (1862).

Marx and his colleague Friedrich Engels issued the Manifest der kommunistischen Partei (Communist Manifesto) (1848) in the explicit hope of precipitating social revolution. This work describes the class struggle between proletariat and bourgeoisie, distinguishes communism from other socialist movements, proposes a list of specific social reforms, and urges all workers to unite in revolution against existing regimes. (You may wish to compare this prophetic document with the later exposition of similar principles in Lenin's State and Revolution (1919).)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Recommended Reading:

Primary sources:

Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Gesamtausgabe, ed. by the Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus (Dietz, 1972- )

The Portable Karl Marx, ed. by Eugene Kamenka (Viking, 1983) {Order from Amazon.com}

The Communist Manifesto, ed. by Frederic L. Bender (Norton, 1988) {Order from Amazon.com}

Karl Marx, Early Writings, tr. by Rodney Livingstone (Penguin, 1992) {Order from Amazon.com}

Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, tr. by Ben Fowkes (Penguin, 1992) {Order from Amazon.com}

Secondary sources:

The Cambridge Companion to Marx, ed. by Terrell Carver (Cambridge, 1992) {Order from Amazon.com}

Terry Eagleton, Marx (Routledge, 1999) {Order from Amazon.com}

Sidney Hook and Christopher Phelps, From Hegel to Marx: Studies in the Intellectual Development of Karl Marx (Columbia, 1994) {Order from Amazon.com}

:grin:

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

mais c'est super tu la trouvé ou ? :doh:

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